Dying to Quit: Understanding the Burden of Tobacco in Psychiatric Patients-A Clinical Review.

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide and remains a critical public health challenge. The burden of disease caused by smoking is disproportionately borne by persons living with mental illness. Public health efforts to address smoking have not historically translated to a significant reduction in smoking prevalence among patients with mental illness. Smoking is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality among psychiatric patients who smoke at 1.7 to 3.3 times the rate of the general population. Among those with serious mental illness, tobacco-related illness accounts for half of all deaths. Nicotine dependence also interferes with treatment and worsens many psychiatric symptoms. Interventions are underutilized due to persistent misunderstandings regarding tobacco cessation for patients who are mentally ill. Addressing these misunderstandings is crucial in targeting the disparate rates of smoking in this population. Therefore, it is incumbent on psychiatrists to address the outsized effect that smoking has on patients with mental illness.

Quality of life, wellbeing, recovery, and progress for older forensic mental health patients: a qualitative investigation based on the perspectives of patients and staff.

PURPOSE: There is a lack of research informing service requirements for older (aged≥55 years) forensic mental health patients. The aim of this research was to increase knowledge about older forensic mental health patients' quality of life, wellbeing, recovery, and progress, in order to make recommendations of how to facilitate and enhance these factors. METHODS: In-depth interviews with patients (N = 37) and staff (N = 48) were undertaken; data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Environmental (e.g., physical, structural and facilities), relational (staff, family and friends) and individual (characteristics, feelings, behaviours) factors were identified as enablers and/or obstacles to wellbeing, recovery, progress and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The physical and psychological environment of services needs to be adapted to meet the needs of patients. Therapeutic relationships with staff should be encouraged and a person-centred and individual recovery approach adopted. Prosocial relationships with peers, friends and family need to be fostered to enable positive recovery outcomes. Older patients should be empowered to develop a sense of autonomy to enable quality of life, wellbeing, and recovery, and progress.

Antipsychotic-Related Prolactin Levels and Sexual Dysfunction in Mentally Ill Youth: A 3-Month Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: Although these agents are used frequently, prospective data comparing serotonin/dopamine antagonists/partial agonists (SDAs) in youth regarding prolactin levels and sexual adverse effects (SeAEs) are scarce. METHOD: Youth aged 4 to 17 years, SDA-naive (≤1 week exposure) or SDA-free for ≥4 weeks were followed for ≤12 weeks on clinician's-choice aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone. Serum prolactin levels, SDA plasma levels, and rating scale-based SeAEs were assessed monthly. RESULTS: Altogether, 396 youth (aged 14.0 ± 3.1 years, male participants = 55.1%, mood spectrum disorders = 56.3%, schizophrenia spectrum disorders = 24.0%, aggressive-behavior disorders = 19.7%; SDA-naive = 77.8%) were followed for 10.6 ± 3.5 weeks. Peak prolactin levels/any hyperprolactinemia/triple-upper-limit-of-normal-prolactin level were highest with risperidone (median = 56.1 ng/mL/incidence = 93.5%/44.5%), followed by olanzapine (median = 31.4 ng/mL/incidence = 42.7/76.4%/7.3%), quetiapine (median = 19.5 ng/mL/incidence = 39.7%/2.5%) and aripiprazole (median = 7.1 ng/mL/incidence = 5.8%/0.0%) (all p < .0001), with peak levels at 4 to 5 weeks for risperidone and olanzapine. Altogether, 26.8% had ≥1 newly incident SeAEs (risperidone = 29.4%, quetiapine = 29.0%, olanzapine = 25.5%, aripiprazole = 22.1%, p = .59). The most common SeAEs were menstrual disturbance = 28.0% (risperidone = 35.4%, olanzapine = 26.7%, quetiapine = 24.4% aripiprazole = 23.9%, p = .58), decreased erections = 14.8% (olanzapine = 18.5%, risperidone = 16.1%, quetiapine = 13.6%, aripiprazole = 10.8%, p = .91) and decreased libido = 8.6% (risperidone = 12.5%, olanzapine = 11.9%, quetiapine = 7.9%, aripiprazole = 2.4%, p = .082), with the least frequent being gynecomastia = 7.8% (quetiapine = 9.7%, risperidone = 9.2%, aripiprazole = 7.8%, olanzapine = 2.6%, p = 0.61), galactorrhea = 6.7% (risperidone = 18.8%, quetiapine = 2.4%, olanzapine = 0.0%, aripiprazole = 0.0%, p = .0008), and mastalgia = 5.8% (olanzapine = 7.3%, risperidone = 6.4%, aripiprazole = 5.7%, quetiapine = 3.9%, p = .84). Postpubertal status and female sex were significantly associated with prolactin levels and SeAEs. Serum prolactin levels were rarely associated with SeAEs (16.7% of all analyzed associations), except for the relationship between severe hyperprolactinemia and decreased libido (p = .013) and erectile dysfunction (p = .037) at week 4, and with galactorrhea at week 4 (p = .0040), week 12 (p = .013), and last visit (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Risperidone, followed by olanzapine, was associated with the largest prolactin elevations, with little prolactin-elevating effects of quetiapine and, especially, aripiprazole. Except for risperidone-related galactorrhea, SeAEs did not differ significantly across SDAs, and only galactorrhea, decreased libido, and erectile dysfunction were associated with prolactin levels. In youth, SeAEs are not sensitive markers for significantly elevated prolactin levels.

Gênero e cuidado na Atenção Psicossocial: o cotidiano de mulheres cuidadoras em um CAPS no Rio de Janeiro / Gender and Care in Psychosocial Attention: the everyday lives of women caregivers in a CAPS in Rio de Janeiro

Este trabalho buscou analisar as relações de cuidado no mandato da Atenção Psicossocial, considerando a centralidade de figuras femininas como principais cuidadoras de usuários da RAPS. Entendendo que a gestão desse cuidado é compartilhada com o Estado, partimos da hipótese de que a reformulação da política de saúde mental se ancora e reforça a histórica feminilização do cuidado, fortemente racializada e atravessada por desigualdades de classe e territórios. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar o processo de familiarização e feminização do cuidado com RPB a partir de um trabalho etnográfico em um CAPS, observando o cotidiano de mulheres cuidadoras nesse serviço. Entre os objetivos específicos, buscou-se investigar a relação entre elas na gestão do cuidado em saúde mental, apontando para as discussões entre gênero, cuidado e trabalho, observando aproximações e distanciamentos entre categorias nativas e analíticas. Além disso, buscou-se refletir sobre a relação entre a política de saúde mental e a gestão estatal do cuidado enquanto mecanismos de regulação de gênero. As análises foram realizadas a partir da observação participante em um CAPS III do município do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa de campo privilegiou os espaços coletivos do CAPS, em especial a convivência e as atividades coletivas que contavam com a participação dos cuidadores, como a assembleia do CAPS, o grupo de família e o grupo de suporte de pares. Os achados da pesquisa apontam para a forma como essas mulheres, em seus distintos lugares sociais, respondem a esse mandato, criando relações de aliança e suporte mútuo, incluindo a ampliação de suas redes de apoio e cuidado no território, mas também compostas por tensões e disputas discursivas, sustentando a aposta política do cuidado dos sujeitos em sofrimento psíquico na comunidade. (AU)

This study aimed to analyse the care relationships within the framework of Psychosocial Attention, considering the central role of female figures as primary caregivers for users of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS). Understanding that the management of this care is shared with the State, we hypothesized that the reformulation of mental health policy is grounded in and reinforces the historical feminization of caregiving, strongly influenced by racialization and intersected by class and territorial inequalities. The overall objective of this research was to investigate the process of familiarization and feminization of care within the RAPS through an ethnographic study in a CAPS, observing the daily lives of women caregivers in this service. Among the specific objectives, we sought to investigate their role in mental health care management, pointing out the discussions regarding gender, care, and labor, while observing convergences and divergences between native and analytical categories. Furthermore, we aimed to reflect on the relationship between mental health policy and state management of care as mechanisms for gender regulation. The analyses were conducted through participant observation in a CAPS III in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The field research focused on the collective spaces of the CAPS, particularly interactions and collective activities involving caregivers, such as the CAPS assembly, family group, and peer support group. The research findings highlight how these women, from diverse social backgrounds, respond to this caregiving mandate, forming alliances and mutual support relationships, including the expansion of their support and care networks within the community. These relationships, however, also involve tensions and discursive disputes, underpinning the political commitment to providing care for individuals experiencing psychological distress within the community. (AU)

Evaluation of changes in eating habits of chronically mentally ill patients residing in 24-hour social welfare home, subject to various forms of health-promoting education.

INTRODUCTION: One of the decisive factors in maintaining good health and physical and mental fitness is proper nutrition. Its role becomes particularly important when a disease occurs, including chronic and mental illness. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was aimed at investigating whether, and to what extent, it is feasible to conduct health-promoting nutritional education and to implement principles of correct nutrition in chronically mentally ill patients residing in a 24-h Social Welfare Home (SWH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 people staying in the 24-hour SWH for chronically mentally ill participated in the study. Nutritional education was conducted by a dietitian with whom a psychologist, nurse and physiotherapist collaborated. Nutritional education was aimed at accepting changes in the way of nutrition by changing the composition otfthe diet and food preparation, changing eating behavior (throwing food under the table, taking food from other residents, etc.) and changing the structure of own purchases. RESULTS: One year after the correction of the diet and nutritional supervision, a statistically significant increase in the consumption of vegetables, fruit, cottage cheese, fish and vegetable fats and a decrease in the consumption of white wheat bread, rennet cheese, cold meats and sugar and sweets. In the assortment of women's own purchases, the amount of cold cuts, sweets and cakes decreased, and apples and dairy products appeared. In men, the amount of cold cuts, cheese, cakes and sweetened drinks decreased, and fruits and fermented milk drinks appeared. A significant reduction in the value of the glycemic load was found: 2nd breakfasts, snacks and the value of a 24-hour diet. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that multidirectional pro-health nutritional education of chronically mentally ill people is reflected in their nutritional behavior. The fact that the respondents are aware of the influence of the diet on their health also translates into a change in the range of their own purchases.

Características da comunicação oral e escrita em sujeitos adultos moradores de instituições de longa duração / Characteristics of oral and written communication in adults living in a long-stay institution / Características de la comunicación oral y escrita en sujetos adultos residentes en una institución de larga estancia / Characteristics of oral and written communication in adults living in a long-stay institution

Introdução: A necessidade de modificar a concepção da sociedade com relação aos sujeitos com transtorno mental e reinseri-los em espaços sociais fica cada dia mais evidente, principalmente quando passam a viver em uma instituição de longa permanência (ILP). Objetivo: Caracterizar diferentes formas pelas quais indivíduos moradores de uma ILP se comunicam, expressando a sua singularidade através da mediação da linguagem oral e escrita durante a realização de oficinas. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo descritivo. Utilizou-se o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) para rastreio inicial e realizaram-se oficinas de linguagem oral e escrita com os residentes de uma ILP. Os dados foram registrados em um diário de campo e categorizados e exemplificados com os registros realizados. Resultados: Foram realizadas 25 oficinas, em que se buscaram as possibilidades de comunicação entre os participantes através da linguagem oral e escrita, com ênfase na estimulação das habilidades cognitivas de atenção e memória. Extraiu-se fatos que permitiram dividi-las em seis categorias, demonstrando que os sujeitos com transtorno mental podem se comunicar de diferentes formas, serem entendidos e pertencentes ao espaço que estão inseridos, proporcionando uma construção coletiva de saberes, conhecimentos e vivências. Conclusões: Através da comunicação, é possível desenvolver o cognitivo, o social e a linguagem oral, contribuindo com a melhora da qualidade de vida, valoração dos envolvidos como sujeitos sociais e históricos. Na atuação multi e interdisciplinar em ILP para pessoas adultas com transtornos mentais, a Fonoaudiologia encontra formas favoráveis para o trabalho acerca dos aspectos cognitivos e linguísticos dos sujeitos em questão.

Introduction: The need to change the conception of society about individuals with mental disorders and reinsert them in social spaces is increasingly evident, especially when they live in a long-term care institution (LTCI). Objective: To characterize different ways in which individuals living in a LTCI communicate, expressing their uniqueness through the mediation of oral and written language during workshops. Methods: Descriptive qualitative study. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for initial screening and oral and written language workshops were held with residents of a LTCI. Data were registered in a field diary and categorized and exemplified with the records made. Results:25 workshops were held, in which the possibilities of communication between participants through oral and written language were sought, with emphasis on the stimulation of cognitive skills of attention and memory. Facts were extracted that allowed them to be divided into six categories, demonstrating that individuals with mental disorders can communicate in different ways, be understood and belong to the space they are inserted in, providing a collective construction of knowledge and experiences. Conclusions:Through communication, it is possible to develop cognitive, social and oral language, contributing to the improvement of quality of life, valuing those involved as social and historical subjects. In multi and interdisciplinary work in LTCI for adults with mental disorders, Speech-Language Therapy finds favorable shapes for the work on the cognitive and linguistic aspects of the subjects in question.

Introducción: La necesidad de cambiar la concepción de sociedad en relación a las personas con trastornos mentales y reinsertarlas en los espacios sociales es cada vez más evidente, especialmente en una institución de larga duración (ILD). Objetivo: Caracterizar las diferentes formas en las que los individuos que viven en un ILD se comunican, expresando su singularidad a través de la mediación del lenguaje oral y escrito durante los talleres. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo cualitativo. El Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE) se utilizó para la evaluación inicial y se llevaron a cabo talleres de lenguaje oral y escrito con residentes de un ILD. Los datos se registraron en un diario de campo y se categorizaron y ejemplificaron con los registros realizados. Resultados: se realizaron 25 talleres, en los que se buscaron las posibilidades de comunicación entre los participantes a través del lenguaje oral y escrito, con énfasis en las habilidades cognitivas de atención y memoria. Se extrajeron hechos que permitieron dividirlos en seis categorías, demostrando que los individuos con trastornos mentales pueden comunicarse de diferentes formas, ser comprendidos y pertenecer al espacio en el que se insertan. Conclusiones: Através de la comunicación es posible desarrollar el lenguaje cognitivo, social y oral, contribuyendo a la mejora de la calidad de vida, valorando a los involucrados como sujetos sociales e históricos. En el trabajo pluridisciplinario e interdisciplinario en ILD para adultos con trastornos mentales, la Logopedia encuentra formas favorables para el trabajo sobre los aspectos cognitivos y lingüísticos de los sujetos en cuestión.

Abordar a la persona entre trayectorias alcohólicas y tratamientos / Approaching the person between alcoholic trajectories and treatments

Este artículo es un trabajo de investigación etnográfica en el campo sanitario. Sus objetivos son reconstruir trayectorias de personas con trastornos mentales y de comportamiento por uso de alcohol y visibilizar representaciones y prácticas en los tratamientos brindados en el Hospital Vilardebó (Uruguay), en torno a dichos itinerarios. Las narrativas de los pacientes estudiados dan cuenta de una ruptura biográfica ocurrida mayoritariamente en la adolescencia, cuando comienza un consumo problemático de alcohol que lleva a una reorganización de la identidad social de orden simbólico; refirieren también, la mayoría de ellos, estar disconformes con la asistencia que se les brinda, y reclaman ser más escuchados. Por otra parte, en lo referente a las representaciones formuladas por los funcionarios entrevistados, a mayor formación y experiencia de ejercicio profesional, hay mayores críticas a la atención que se brinda a estos usuarios. De ahí que la confluencia de Antropología y Salud, ensamblando cultura y cuidado, permite integrar a las dimensiones físicas los aspectos emocionales, familiares, culturales y sociales.

This article is carries out ethnographic research in the sanitary field. Its objectives are to reconstruct the trajectories of people with mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use and to make visible representations and practices in treatments provided at Hospital Vilardebó (Uruguay). Patients' narratives show a biographical rupture occurring mainly during adolescence. Problematic alcohol use begins soon after, leading to a reorganization of symbolic social identity. Most patients are not satisfied with care provided, and demand to be listened to more extensively. As for health care workers' representations, the greater the training and professional expertise, the greater the criticism of provided care. Hence, the confluence of Anthropology and Health, combining culture and care, makes possible the emotional, family, cultural and social aspects to be integrated into the physical ones.

Factors Associated with Prolonged Institutionalization in Mentally Ill People with and Without a History of Violence and Legal Involvement: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 34 individuals hospitalized for a long period in the Federal District, in Brazil. To evaluate factors related to prolonged institutionalization in mental patients with history of violence and criminal records. Individuals found were assorted into two groups: with and without criminal records. We analyzed 56 items by reviewing medical records and health records. Demographic and social data, history of violence, criminal involvement, medical history, substance use, and other aspects related to long hospitalizations, by reviewing medical and health records. We found a profile of male individuals: single, male, with an average age of 47.6 years, low education, and little professional qualification from correctional facilities or long-term psychiatric clinics and hospitals. Most men had a history of aggressive behavior, a leading psychiatric diagnosis of psychosis, and an issue with polypharmacy. Two factors showed statistical significance and were highly related to longer institutionalizations: polypharmacy and records of hospitalization for violent behavior. Further studies with these populations are needed to increase knowledge on the subject. They can help health care systems to improve and provide broad, humanized and quality assistance with multi-professional teams, aiming to reduce prolonged hospitalizations.

[Assessing nutritional status in institutionalized mental patients]. / Valoración del estado nutricional en enfermos mentales institucionalizados.

Introduction: Introduction and objectives: malnutrition remains an unrecognised problem in psychiatric centers. The aim of the present study was to find out the prevalence of malnutrition and to recognize the importance of diet in the nutrition of the mentally ill. Methods: the nutritional status of 65 patients was assessed by anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, tricipital skin fold, bicipital skin fold, subscapular skin fold, suprailiac skin fold, tibial skin fold, abdominal skin fold, waist-hip index, hip circumference and waist circumference), blood tests (ferritin, triglycerides, albumin, cholesterol, glucose), other variables (blood pressure), the MNA-2009 questionnaire, and the one-week menu. Personal data, sex, smoking habits, age, type of disease, physical activity, family visits and the variables included in the MNA-2009 questionnaire were also recorded for each patient. Results: the sample consisted of 13 women and 52 men, all of whom were mentally ill patients in a psychiatric institution. A total of 43.1 % were overweight and 21.5 % obese, with more women than men in each category. Regarding biochemical values, it was observed that triglyceride and cholesterol levels were higher than recommended values. In addition, they presented a great imbalance in macronutrients and micronutrients in the daily nutritional assessment. Conclusion: this study has demonstrated the high prevalence of malnutrition in psychiatric patients, in particular obesity, due to the large excess of each of the macronutrients and micronutrients in the daily menu of psychiatric patients.

Introducción: Introducción y objetivos: la malnutrición continúa siendo un problema no reconocido en los centros psiquiátricos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de la malnutrición y reconocer la importancia de la dieta en la alimentación de los enfermos mentales. Métodos: se evaluó el estado nutricional de 65 pacientes mediante medidas antropométricas (peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, pliegue cutáneo tricipital, pliegue cutáneo bicipital, pliegue cutáneo subescapular, pliegue cutáneo suprailíaco, pliegue cutáneo tibial, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, índice cintura-cadera, circunferencia de la cadera y circunferencia de la cintura), analíticas (ferritina, triglicéridos, albúmina, colesterol, glucosa), otras variables (presión arterial), el cuestionario MNA-2009 y el menú de una semana. De cada paciente, además, se registraron datos personales, sexo, hábito tabáquico, edad, tipo de enfermedad, actividad física, visitas familiares y las variables enmarcadas en el cuestionario MNA-2009. Resultados: la muestra estuvo formada por 13 mujeres y 52 hombres, todos ellos enfermos mentales de una institución psiquiátrica. El 43,1 % presentaban sobrepeso y el 21,5 % obesidad, siendo estos índices superiores en las mujeres que en los hombres. Respecto a los valores bioquímicos, se observó que los niveles de triglicéridos y colesterol eran superiores a los valores recomendados. Además, los sujetos presentaron un gran desequilibrio en macronutrientes y micronutrientes en la valoración nutricional diaria. Conclusión: en este estudio se ha demostrado la gran prevalencia de la malnutrición en los pacientes psiquiátricos, en concreto de la obesidad por el gran exceso que presentan cada uno de los macronutrientes y micronutrientes repartidos en el menú durante el día de los pacientes psiquiátricos.

"Todo mundo tem história?": experiências de ex-internos em hospital psiquiátrico / "Does everyone have a history?": experiences of ex-inmates in a psychiatric hospital

A Reforma Psiquiátrica busca progressivamente deslocar o foco do cuidado do hospital para as redes de cuidado territoriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência de pessoas em sofrimento psíquico grave no período de internação e pós-internação em um hospital psiquiátrico. Foi realizado estudo qualitativo, por meio do método de História de Vida Focal, com realização de entrevistas com cinco ex-internos do extinto Hospital Psiquiátrico Franco da Rocha (HPFR). Utilizando-se a Análise do Conteúdo Temática foram levantadas três categorias: a forma de se relacionar com a loucura, a ambivalência das experiências e as nuances de uma possível ruptura de paradigmas. Tais categorias permitiram discutir a coexistência entre os paradigmas asilar e psicossocial no atual cenário da Reforma Psiquiátrica, constituindo atravessamentos nos modos de compor itinerários de cuidado entre as pessoas com sofrimento psíquico. Afirma-se a necessidade de produção de modos de cuidado que respeitem o direito à cidadania, à palavra e à história das pessoas com sofrimento psíquico.(AU)

The Psychiatric Reform progressively seeks to shift the focus of hospital care to territorial care networks. The objective of this study was to understand the experience of people in severe psychic suffering about hospitalization and post- hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital. A qualitative study was conducted, using the Focal Life History method, with interviews with 5 former inmates of the extinct Franco da Rocha Psychiatric Hospital (HPFR). Through the Content Analysis Theme, three categories were raised: the way to relate to madness, the ambivalence of experiences and the nuances of a possible break of paradigms. Such categories allowed to discuss the coexistence between the asylum and psychosocial paradigms in the current scenario of Psychiatric Reform, constituting crossings in the ways of composing itineraries of care between people with psychic suffering. It is stated a need for the production of ways of care that respect the right to citizenship, the word and the history of people with psychic suffering.(AU)

La Reforma Psiquiátrica busca progresivamente cambiar el foco del cuidado del hospital para las redes de cuidado territoriales. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender la experiencia de personas en sufrimiento psíquico grave en el periodo de internación y post-internación en un hospital psiquiátrico. Fue realizado un estudio cualitativo, por medio del método de Historia de Vida Focal, con realización de entrevistas con cinco ex internos del extinto Hospital Psiquiátrico Franco da Rocha (HPFR). Utilizando el Análisis de Contenido Temático fueron levantadas tres categorías: la manera de relacionarse con la locura, la ambivalencia de las experiencias y los matices de una posible ruptura de paradigmas. Tales categorías permitieron discutir la coexistencia entre los paradigmas asilar y psicosocial en el actual escenario de la Reforma Psiquiátrica, constituyendo atravesamientos en los modos de componer itinerarios de cuidado entre las personas con sufrimiento psíquico. Se afirma la necesidad de producción de modos de cuidado que respeten el derecho a la ciudadanía, a la palabra y a la historia de las personas con sufrimiento psíquico.(AU)

Mental Health Stigma Associated Among Professionals of Primary Health Care / Estigma Associado à Saúde Mental Entre Profissionais da Atenção Básica à Saúde / Estigma Asociado a la Salud Mental Entre los Profesionales de Atención Primaria de Salud

Abstract This study seeks to analyze the association between stigma towards people with mental health problems among Primary Health Care professionals in relation to sociodemographic, contact, and participation variables in mental health actions. The sample was composed of 289 professionals from Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. We used a sociodemographic questionnaire; Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (MAKS-BR); Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-26B); and Mental health items of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB). Less attribution of stigma is related to greater knowledge in mental health, having mental health training, and performing mental health activities. Among the variables that most influence the relationship between knowledge and the attribution of stigma are personal contact, training, and performing mental health actions. Results point to the importance of mental health practices in Primary Care and team training to reduce stigma.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre estigma a pessoas com problemas de saúde mental entre profissionais da Atenção Básica em relação a variáveis sociodemográficas, de contato e de participação em ações de saúde mental. Participaram 289 profissionais do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Utilizaram-se Questionário sociodemográfico; Questionário de Conhecimento em Saúde Mental (MAKS-BR); Questionário de Atribuição (AQ-26B); Itens de saúde mental do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da AB. Menor atribuição de estigma está relacionado a maior conhecimento em saúde mental, ter formação em saúde mental e realizar atividades de saúde mental. As variáveis que mais influenciam a relação entre conhecimento e atribuição de estigma são: o contato pessoal, formação e realizar ações de saúde mental. Os resultados apontam a importância das práticas de saúde mental na Atenção Básica e da formação das equipes para a redução do estigma.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el estigma a las personas con problemas de salud mental entre los profesionales de Atención Primaria y su asociación con las variables sociodemográficas, de contacto y participación en acciones de salud mental. Participaron 289 profesionales de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Se utilizaron el cuestionario sociodemográfico; el Cuestionario de Conocimientos sobre Salud Mental (MAKS-BR); el Cuestionario de Asignación (AQ-26B); y los Ítems de salud mental del Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y la Calidad de la Atención Primaria. Una menor atribución de estigma se relacionó con mayor conocimiento sobre salud mental, tener formación en salud mental y realizar actividades de salud mental. Entre las variables que más influyen en la relación entre conocimiento y atribución de estigma se encuentran el contacto personal, la formación y la realización de acciones de salud mental. Los resultados muestran la importancia de las prácticas de salud mental en Atención Primaria y la formación de equipos para reducir el estigma.

Nise da Silveira and the revolutionary use of art1 as Occupational Therapy in the psychiatric context / Nise da Silveira y el uso revolucionario del arte como Terapia Ocupacional en el contexto psiquiátrico / Nise da Silveira e o uso revolucionário da arte como Terapia Ocupacional no contexto psiquiátrico

This paper aims to review the biography and work of Nise da Silveira, a Brazilian psychiatrist who carried out revolutionary work in the treatment of the mentally ill. This paper follows a qualitative methodology with a narrative and documentary base, highlighting the importance of her innovative action that rescued Occupational Therapy with artistic tools, in which free expression and affective contact are favored as an alternative to the conventional treatments of the time, such as electroshock and lobotomy. From a comparative perspective, Jung's analytical psychology concepts such as myths, archetypes and the collective unconscious are related to Nise's psychiatric therapeutic experience. The presentation of some patients case studies leads to the conclusion that the symbols and archetypes revealed in the artistic images created in occupational therapy have a structuring and healing impact, which is still followed today in various therapeutic contexts.

Este artículo propone una revisión de la biografía y la obra de Nise da Silveira, psiquiatra brasileña que realizó una labor revolucionaria en el tratamiento de las personas con enfermedades mentales. Sigue una metodología cualitativa con base narrativa y documental donde se destaca la importancia de su acción innovadora, que rescata la Terapia Ocupacional con herramientas artísticas en las que se privilegia la libre expresión y el contacto afectivo como alternativa a los tratamientos convencionales de la época, como el electroshock y la lobotomía. Se relacionan, desde una perspectiva comparativa, conceptos de la psicología analítica de Jung ­como los mitos, arquetipos y el inconsciente colectivo­ y la experiencia terapéutica psiquiátrica de Nise. La presentación de casos prácticos de algunos pacientes permite concluir que los símbolos y arquetipos revelados en las imágenes artísticas creadas en la Terapia Ocupacional tienen un impacto estructurante y curativo que se sigue, hoy en día, en diversos contextos terapéuticos.

O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma revisão da biografia e do trabalho de Nise da Silveira, uma psiquiatra brasileira que realizou um trabalho revolucionário no tratamento dos doentes mentais. Este artigo segue uma metodologia qualitativa com uma base narrativa e documental, destacando a importância de sua ação inovadora que resgatou a Terapia Ocupacional com ferramentas artísticas, nas quais a livre expressão e o contato afetivo são privilegiados como alternativa aos tratamentos convencionais da época, tais como eletrochoque e lobotomia. A partir de uma perspectiva comparativa, conceitos da psicologia analítica de Jung, como mitos, arquétipos e o inconsciente coletivo, estão relacionados com a experiência terapêutica psiquiátrica de Nise. A apresentação de estudos de caso de alguns pacientes leva à conclusão de que os símbolos e os arquétipos revelados nas imagens artísticas criadas na Terapia Ocupacional têm um impacto estruturante e curativo, que, ainda hoje, é seguido em vários contextos terapêuticos.

Audiência de Custódia e seus paradoxos frente à pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei / Custody hearings and their paradoxes for people with mental disorders in conflict with the law / Audiencia de custodia y sus paradojas frente a la persona con trastorno mental en conflicto con la ley

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos da psiquiatrização da loucura nos discursos de autoridades judiciais nas decisões frente aos flagrantes de pessoas com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei, nas Audiências de Custódias (ACs) de um estado brasileiro. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram realizadas cinco entrevistas em profundidade com juízes, analisadas sob as perspectivas da análise do discurso de Michel Foucault. Os resultados/discussão foram descritos a partir de dois eixos: o primeiro versa sobre psiquiatrização da AC: o louco em privação de liberdade; e o segundo problematiza o risco como dispositivo de captura e privação da liberdade. Conclui-se que, ainda que as ACs tenham sido produzidas como dispositivo para garantia da liberdade, afere-se que em seus discursos os participantes da pesquisa apresentam ideias da loucura como risco, que justificam o aprisionamento. (AU)

This article analyzes the effects of the psychiatrization of madness in the discourse of judicial authorities in decisions in response to flagrant offences committed by people with mental disorders during custody hearings (CHs) in a Brazilian state. We conducted a qualitative study involving five in-depth interviews with judges analyzed from the perspective of Foucauldian discourse analysis. The results are described in two core areas: the psychiatrization of the custody hearing - mad people deprived of their liberty; and problematizing risk as a device of capture and deprivation of liberty. We concluded that, although custody hearings were supposedly created as a device for guaranteeing liberty, the participants' discourses present ideas of madness as risk, justifying imprisonment. (AU)

El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar los efectos de la psiquiatrización de la locura en los discursos de autoridades judiciales en las decisiones ante los flagrantes de personas con trastorno mental en conflicto con la ley, en las Audiencias de Custodia (ACs) de un estado brasileño. Por medio de un abordaje cualitativo, se realizaron cinco entrevistas en profundidad con jueces, analizadas bajo las perspectivas del análisis del discurso de Michel Foucault. Los resultados/discusión se describieron a partir de dos ejes: el primero sobre psiquiatrización de la audiencia de custodia: el loco en privación de libertad y el segundo problematizando sobre el riesgo como dispositivo de captura y privación de la libertad. Se concluye que aunque las ACs se produjeron como dispositivo para garantía de la libertad, se verifica que en sus discursos los participantes en el estudio presentan ideas de locura como riesgo que justifica el aprisionamiento. (AU)

Estudios Locos Latinoamericanos: marcos conceptuales y agenda de investigación / Estudos loucos da América Latina: marcos conceituais e agenda de investigação / Latin-American Mad Studies: Conceptual Frameworks and Research Agenda

Resumen El artículo analiza la emergencia de los Estudios Locos como tradición investigativa que propone teorías críticas y metodologías alternativas en la producción de saberes desde las personas que han sido etiquetadas con diagnósticos psiquiátricos. Para los Estudios Locos, los significados en torno a la locura expresan la relación de fuerzas y las formas de opresión que constituyen el campo de la salud mental, por lo tanto, enfatizan el carácter político de las investigaciones que se desarrollan en este ámbito y sostienen un cuestionamiento a la pretensión de objetividad y neutralidad del modelo biomédico. En este marco, mediante una revisión de la literatura académica y la netnografía como método de investigación, se describe el creciente protagonismo de las comunidades que han recibido atención de salud mental en América Latina para expresar sus narrativas en la esfera pública, situándose como agentes de conocimientos y actores políticos. En torno a estas nuevas gramáticas, los Estudios Locos Latinoamericanos se constituyen como una perspectiva de investigación hacia la configuración de otros modos de habitar la locura y articular sus luchas de emancipación social en el escenario regional contemporáneo.

Resumo Este artigo analisa a emergência dos Estudos loucos como uma tradição investigativa que propõe teorias críticas e metodologias alternativas para a produção do conhecimento de pessoas que foram rotuladas com diagnósticos psiquiátricos. Para Estudos loucos, os significados em torno da loucura expressam a relação de forças e as formas de opressão que constituem o campo da saúde mental, portanto, enfatizam o caráter político das pesquisas que se desenvolvem neste campo e sustentam um questionamento da reivindicação de objetividade e neutralidade do modelo biomédico. Nesse quadro, por meio de uma revisão da literatura acadêmica e da netnografia como método de pesquisa, descreve-se o crescente papel das comunidades que receberam atenção em saúde mental na América Latina para elaborar suas experiências no campo acadêmico e expressar suas narrativas em público. esfera, posicionando-se como agentes do conhecimento e atores políticos. Em torno dessas novas gramáticas, propõe-se o surgimento dos Estudos loucos da América Latina como disciplina emergente na configuração de outras formas de habitar a loucura e articular suas lutas pela emancipação social no cenário regional contemporâneo.

Abstract This article analyzes the emergence of Mad Studies as an investigative tradition that proposes critical theories and alternative methodologies in the production of knowledge from people who have been labeled with psychiatric diagnoses. For Mad Studies, the meanings around Madness express the relationship of forces and the forms of oppression that constitute the field of mental health, therefore, they emphasize the political nature of the research that is developed in this field and sustain a questioning of the claim of objectivity and neutrality of the biomedical model. In this framework, through a review of the academic literature and netnography as a research method, the growing role of the communities that have received mental health care in Latin America to express their narratives in the public sphere is described, positioning themselves as agents of knowledge and political actors. Around these new grammars, Latin American Mad Studies are constituted as a research perspective towards the configuration of other ways of inhabiting madness and articulating their struggles for social emancipation in the contemporary regional scenario.

Da produção artística dos alienados: histórias de teorias e práticas do alienismo brasileiro, 1852-1902 / On the artistic production of the alienated: history of theories and practices of Brazilian alienism, 1852-1902

Resumo O artigo trata da presença de manifestações artísticas de internos do Hospício de Pedro II, primeira instituição psiquiátrica da América Latina (1852-1902). O referencial metodológico escolhido centrou-se na historicização dos processos de enquadramento das doenças mentais, com vistas a demonstrar suas consequências para a noção de sujeito e da arte que ele produz e no processo de circulação desses saberes no Brasil. O conceito de mal de arquivo, de Derrida, foi utilizado para analisar os motivos pelos quais tais manifestações e as terapêuticas utilizadas a partir delas foram ignoradas pelas narrativas locais acerca das manifestações artísticas de indivíduos internados em asilos.

Abstract The article deals with the presence of artistic manifestations of inmates of the Hospício de Pedro II, the first psychiatric institution in Latin America (1852-1902). The methodological framework chosen focused on the historicisation of the framing processes of mental illness, in order to demonstrate its consequences for the notion of the subject and the art he produces and in the process of circulation of this knowledge in Brazil. Derrida's concept of archive fever was used to analyse the reasons why such manifestations and the therapies used based on them were ignored by local narratives about the artistic manifestations of individuals in asylums.

Acompanhamento familiar no CRAS segundo familiares de usuários do benefício de prestação continuada / Family assistance cras in family members of users of the continued payment benefit / Apoyo familiar en cras para familiares del usuarios del beneficio pago continuo

RESUMO O estudo analisou as perspectivas das famílias usuárias do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) acerca do Acompanhamento Familiar realizado por psicólogos em uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. Participaram oito familiares de pessoas com transtornos mentais que recebiam o BPC e que faziam acompanhamento nos oito CRAS da cidade. Empregou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados demonstraram que os familiares desconheciam tanto o serviço de Acompanhamento Familiar quanto seus Direitos Sociais e, consequentemente, não desenvolviam a Autonomia. Constatou-se que, embora os psicólogos não desenvolvessem atendimentos clínicos, evidenciou-se a necessidade de que psicólogos realizem atendimentos em contextos terapêuticos para acolhimento das demandas emocionais desses familiares.

ABSTRACT This research analyzed the perspective of families benefiting from the Continued Payment Benefit (BPC) about the family care assistance service performed by psychologists in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais. Participants were eight families of individuals diagnosed with mental disorders that received BPC and were inserted into eight CRAS unities. The instrument used was a semistructured interview script. Data were submitted to content analysis in thematic modality from Bardin. Results showed that family members were unaware of both family care assistance service and their Social Rights. Consequently, they had not developed autonomy. Moreover, although the psychologists did not perform clinical care, the need for them to develop therapeutic assistance to embrace the emotional demands of family members was evident.

El Estudio analizó perspectivas de familias que utilizan Beneficio Pago Continuo (BPC) sobre Apoyo Familiar realizado por psicólogos en una ciudad del interior de Minas Gerais. Participaron ocho familiares de personas con trastornos mentales que recibieron el BPC y fueron seguidos de ocho CRAS de la ciudad. Se utilizó un guión de entrevista semiestructurado y los datos se sometieron a análisis de contenido en modalidad temática de Bardin. Los resultados mostraron que los familiares desconocían tanto el servicio de Apoyo Familiar como sus Derechos Sociales, en consecuencia, no desarrollaron autonomía. Se encontró que, si bien los psicólogos no brindaron atención clínica, se evidenció la necesidad de que los psicólogos brinden atención en contextos terapéuticos para cuidar de las demandas emocionales de estos familiares.

Health risk behaviours among people with severe mental ill health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of linked cohort data.

BACKGROUND: People with severe mental ill health (SMI) experience a mortality gap of 15-20 years. COVID-19 has amplified population health inequalities, and there is concern that people with SMI will be disproportionately affected. Understanding how health risk behaviours have changed during the pandemic is important when developing strategies to mitigate future increases in health inequalities. METHODS: We sampled from an existing cohort of people with SMI. Researchers contacted participants by phone or post to invite them to take part in a survey about how the pandemic had affected them. We asked people about their health risk behaviours and how these had changed during the pandemic. We created an index of changed behaviours, comprising dietary factors, smoking, lack of exercise, and drinking patterns. By creating data linkages, we compared their responses during pandemic restrictions to responses they gave prior to the pandemic. OUTCOMES: 367 people provided health risk data. The mean age of the participants was 50.5 (range = 20 to 86, SD ± 15.69) with 51.0% male and 77.4% white British. 47.5% of participants reported taking less physical activity during the pandemic and of those who smoke 54.5% reported smoking more heavily. Self-reported deterioration in physical health was significantly associated with an increase in health risk behaviours (adjusted OR for physical health 1.59, 95%CI 1.22-2.07; adjusted OR for Age 0.99, 95%CI 0.98-1.00). INTERPRETATION: COVID-19 is likely to amplify health inequalities for people with SMI. Health services should target health risk behaviours for people with SMI to mitigate the immediate and long lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Histórias de vida e estigma de trabalhadores com transtornos mentais acompanhados em ambulatório especializado / Life stories and social stigma of workers with mental disorders followed up in a specialize outpatient clinic in Campinas, Brazil

Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa teve como objetivo conhecer, analisar e compreender como a retirada de direitos sociais e trabalhistas interferiu na vida e no trabalho de pessoas com transtornos mentais graves. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com 11 participantes, oito homens e três mulheres, atendidos(as) em um ambulatório de Psiquiatria de um hospital universitário, com uso de roteiro semiestruturado, e realizou-se análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que a trajetória de trabalho dos(as) participantes iniciou-se na infância e adolescência, de modo que todos exerciam atividades de trabalho quando receberam o diagnóstico. A necessidade de afastamento, as dificuldades relacionadas ao retorno e a retirada de parte das pessoas do mundo do trabalho foram evidenciadas. Em face disso, foram discutidos os prejuízos sociais e trabalhistas após o diagnóstico de transtorno mental relatados pelos participantes. O processo de estigmatização apareceu no ambiente de trabalho, familiar e comunitário e contribuiu para o declínio da carreira e remuneração ou para a saída dos trabalhadores de suas atividades.

This qualitative approach study aimed to know, analyze, and understand how the withdrawal of social and labor rights interfered in the life and work of people with severe mental disorders. In-depth interviews with eleven participants, eight men and three women who were assisted at a psychiatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital, were performed. Semi-structured script interviews were conducted and content analysis was performed. The results indicate that the work trajectory of the participants began in childhood and adolescence, so that all performed work activities when they received diagnosis. The study highlighted the need for medical leave, the difficulties related to the return, and the withdrawal from work environment of part of the people interviewed. In view of this, the social and labor losses after the diagnosis of mental disorder reported by the participants were discussed. The stigmatization process manifested in their work, family and community environments and contributed to the decline in career and remuneration or to the withdrawal from their activities.